1. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS CONCEPTS

AN INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

         An Embedded system, processor in the system, other hardware units, software embedded into a system, exemplary embedded systems, embedded system – on – chip (SOC) and in VLSI circuit. Processor and memory organization – Structural Units in a Processor, Processor selection for an embedded system, memory devices, memory selection for an embedded systems, allocation of memory to program cache and memory management links, segments and blocks and memory map of a system, DMA, interfacing processors, memories and Input Output Devices.

DEVICES AND BUSES FOR DEVICE NETWORKS

I/O devices, timer and counting devices, serial communication using the “I2 C” CAN, profibus foundation field bus. and advanced I/O buses between the network multiple devices, host systems or computer parallel communication between the networked I/O multiple devices using the ISA, PCI, PCI-X and advanced buses.

DEVICE DRIVERS AND INTERRUPTS SERVICING MECHANISM

Device drivers, parallel port and serial port device drivers in a system, device drivers for internal programmable timing devices, interrupt servicing mechanism

Programming Concepts and Data Communication

Review of C Programming

Data Structures

HARDWARE – software co-design in an embedded system, embedded system project management, embedded system design and co-design issues in system development process, design cycle in the development phase for an embedded system, use of target systems, use of software tools for development of an embedded system, use of scopes and logic analysis for system, hardware tests. Issues in embedded system design.

2.  DIGITAL DATA COMMUNICATIONS

DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES:

FSK , MSK , BPSK , QPSK , 8-PSK , 16-PSK , 8- QAM , 16- QAM , Band width efficiency carrier recovery , DPSK , clock recovery , Probability of error and bit error rate.

Data Communications :

Serial , Parallel configuration , Topology , Transmission modes , codes , Error Control Synchronization, LCU, Serial and Parallel Interfaces , Telephone Networks and Circuits , Data modems.

LOCAL AREA NETWORKS :

Token ring , Ethernet , Traditional , Fast and GIGA bit Ethernet.

WIRELESS LANS

IEEE 802.11 Architecture Layers , Addressing, Blue Tooth Architecture Layers, l2 Cap , Other Upper Layers.

MULTI MEDIA

Digitalizing Video and Audio Compression Streaming Stored and Live Video and Audio , Real Time Interactive Video and Audio , VOIP. 

3.     REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS:

Real Time Systems:

        Typical real time application, Hard Vs soft real time systems, A reference model of Real Time Systems: Processors and resources, Temporal parameters of Real time workload, periodic task model, precedence constraints and data dependency functional parameters, Resource parameters of jobs and parameters of resources. Commonly used approaches to Real Time Scheduling: Clock driven, Weighted Round Robin, priority driven, Dynamic Vs State Systems, Effective release times and Dead lines, offline Vs online scheduling.

Operating Systems :

                  Overview, Time Services and Scheduling mechanisms, other basic operating system function, processor reserves and resource kernel. Capabilities of commercial Real time Operating Systems.

Fault Tolerance Techniques:

              Introduction, Fault causes, Types, Detection, Fault and error containment, Redundancy: Hardware, Software, Time. Integrated Failure handling.

          Case Studies:

                   VX works: Memory Managements task state transiton diagram, pre-emptive  

                   priority, scheduling, context switches – semaphore – Binary mutex, Counting: watch

                    dugs, I/O System

           RT Linux:Process Management, scheduling, Interrupt management, and synchronization.

4.   MICROCONTROLLERS :

8/16/32 bit Microcontrollers and Interfacing

• RISC / CISC and Harvard / Princeton Architectures
• Types of Memories
• Introduction to 8-bit Microcontrollers
• Timers / Counters, UART, SPI, PWM, WDT, Input Capture
• Output Compare Modes, I2C, CAN
• LED, Switches, ADC, DAC, LCD, RTC
• Emerging Bus Standards (USB, Compact PCI)
• Programming in Assembly and C (GNU Tools)
• Introduction to 16 / 32-bit Processors
• ARM Architecture and Organization
• ARM/THUMB Programming Model
• ARM/THUMB Instruction Set
• ARM Exception Handling
• ARM/THUMB Assembly and C Programming (GNU Tools)

MAIN PROJECT ON AVR 

5.  DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS:

 PROGRAMMABLE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

 Commercial Digital signal-processing Devices, Data Addressing modes of TMS320C54XX      DSPs, Data Addressing modes of TMS320C54XX Processors, Memory space of TMS320C54XX Processors, Program Control, TMS320C54XX instructions and Programming, On-Chip Peripherals, Interrupts of TMS320C54XX processors, Pipeline Operation of TMS320C54XX Processors.

INTERFACING MEMORY AND I/O PERIPHERALS TO PROGRAMMABLE  DSP  DEVICES:

                Memory space organization, External bus interfacing signals, Memory interface, Parallel I/O interface, Programmed I/O, Interrupts and I/O, Direct memory access (DMA). A Multichannel buffered serial port (McBSP), McBSP Programming, a CODEC interface circuit, CODEC programming, A CODEC-DSP interface example.

DSP Lab:

Sine wave generation, cosine wave generation ,square wave generation, triangular wave generations ,Amplitude modulation, Scrambler circuit, de-scrambler circuit.

Mini Project on dsp

LAB:

·        AVR

·        ARM

·        DSP Processor

·        PCB  Layout Design

·        Multisim Simulation Lab